For small business owners in Utah, growing the team is an exciting milestone and you’ve likely faced the classic question: Should I hire an actual employee, or can I just find a "guy who knows a guy" and pay him via Venmo? While it might be tempting to treat an employee (W-2) and an independent contractor (1099) as interchangeable based on your budget, the IRS and the Utah Labor Commission see things very differently. Misclassifying a worker isn't just a clerical error; it can lead to significant back taxes and penalties. Here is a practical look at the differences to help you stay compliant while you scale. The Independent Contractor (1099) Think of a contractor as a separate business entity that you have hired to perform a specific project or attain a specific result. They are specialists who bring their own "secret sauce" to the table. Autonomy : They generally use their own equipment, set their own hours, and work from their own locations. The "What" Not the "How" : You have the right to control the result of the work, but not the specific methods used to achieve it. Financial Independence : They pay their own self-employment taxes, health insurance, overhead, and will typically invoice you for their services. They may have other clients besides your business. The Employee (W-2) An employee is someone who is fully integrated into your business operations. They are part of the daily rhythm of your company and are under your direct supervision. Direction and Control : You dictate when they work, where they work, and the specific sequence of their tasks. You provide the equipment to complete those tasks. Business Integration : Their services are usually a "key aspect" of your regular business activity. If your business is a bakery, the person baking the bread is likely an employee; the person fixing the oven is likely a contractor. Employer Obligations : You are responsible for withholding income taxes and paying a share of Social Security and Medicare. In Utah, you’ll also need to ensure you're covered for Workers' Compensation and Unemployment Insurance. The Bottom Line: Control The government looks closely at the reality of the working relationship , not just the title you put on a contract. Your degree of control , or lack thereof, is key. Ultimately, if it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, they’re going to treat it like a duck. Taking the time to classify correctly now prevents headaches down the road. We are here to help you craft, review, and amend employment and contractor agreements and navigate any other issues that may arise as you scale your workforce.

AI is undoubtedly amazing. On one single platform I can direct it to, for example, “write me a 400-word blog post about the legal risks of private employees use of AI directed at Utah small to medium-sized businesses.” And then ask it to illustrate that post with an image of a robot in a skirt suit. (And now you’ll wonder if I even wrote this post myself…. I did. But I did not sketch the image myself.) And we all know AI has real limitations. We’ve heard the stories about AI hallucinations, where it simply invents an answer. And often AI simply gets it wrong. For example, I often use AI to pull up the citation to a statute and often it produces a link to a bill that hasn’t been enacted, a bill that’s been repealed, or a similar statute that’s applicable to a different industry than the one I asked it to find. But there’s also legal risks in using “Open Access” or “Free Tier” AI versus “Enterprise” or “Business” AI. Open access/free tier AI is the version you can use for free on a web browser or on app on your computer or smart phone. With many of these tools, user inputs may be stored or used to improve the model. Enterprise or business AI, by contrast, is a commercial‑grade system that typically offers encryption, enhanced privacy controls, and contractual data‑security commitments. If you do not have the latter­­—enterprise AI— then you really may want to find out what your employees are inputting into an unsecured AI tool. Is it client or employee information, like personally identifiable information? Medical information? Company trade secrets? Financial information? Depending on your company size and the type of information input into an unsecured AI tool, employees may be creating legal risk under Utah’s data breach notification law, the Utah Consumer Privacy Act (for businesses that meet its thresholds), federal privacy laws, even anti-discrimination laws and contractual confidentiality obligations you have made directly with your clients. The New Year is a great time to review old policies, create new ones, and train staff on these concerns. We are here to help you navigate these emerging issues! -By Adrienne Langmo