Demystifying FMLA

If you're working for — or running — a business with under 50 employees, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) might seem like a distant federal regulation. But for eligible employees and covered employers, it’s a powerful tool for balancing work and life during major health or family events. Here's what you need to know.

🧩 The What

The FMLA is a federal law that allows eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave in a 12-month period for specific family or medical reasons, including:

The birth or adoption of a child
Caring for a spouse, child, or parent with a serious health condition
Recovering from a serious health condition themselves
Certain military-related family needs

The leave can be taken intermittently, in blocks, or in one long swath. During FMLA leave, employers must maintain group health benefits as if the employee were still working. When the leave ends, the employee is entitled to return to the same or an equivalent position.

👥 The Who

FMLA is mandatory for employers with 50 or more employees within a 75-mile radius. So, if your business has fewer than 50 employees at a given location, you’re not legally required to offer FMLA leave—but you can choose to adopt similar policies voluntarily.

Employees must also meet FMLA eligibility criteria:

Worked for the employer for at least 12 months
Logged at least 1,250 hours in the past year
Work at a location with 50+ employees within 75 miles

*State employees may have additional benefits provided under state law. Here, we’re discussing private employers and employees.

🛠️ Employer Takeaways

Treating employees appropriately during their FMLA leave and upon their return can present some hurdles for employers and coworkers, particularly when an employee has been on leave for some time and, e.g., projects or programs have evolved in their absence. You don’t have to navigate these situations alone; we can provide your team with the tools and information necessary to smoothly navigate the full FMLA process and avoid any sticky FMLA retaliation or interference claims.

And, even if you’re not legally bound by FMLA, offering comparable leave can be a smart move. It builds trust, boosts retention, and shows you value your team’s well-being. Consider crafting a voluntary leave policy that mirrors FMLA protections, including:

Clear eligibility rules
Defined leave duration
Job protection guarantees
Coordination with paid time off or disability benefits

For small businesses, this means you have flexibility—but also responsibility to communicate policies clearly. Want to overhaul those policies or craft great messaging to your team, give us a call! We’re here to make leave policies less painful and more practical.

📣 Employee Takeaways

If you work for a small Utah employer, ask about your company’s leave policies. While FMLA doesn’t require you to use your accrued leave during your FMLA leave, it allows your employer to write into its policy a requirement that you do so. Make sure you read that policy!

And, even if FMLA doesn’t apply, your employer may offer benefits similar to FMLA. If you’re dealing with a serious health issue or family emergency, document your situation, give notice as early as possible, and follow internal procedures. Need help understanding those procedures or your rights as an employee? We got your back!

⚖️ Final Thoughts

FMLA is more than a legal acronym—it’s a lifeline for employees facing life’s biggest challenges. For Utah employers, understanding the law and choosing to offer similar protections can set your business apart. Whether you're an HR manager, CEO, or a team member, knowing your rights and responsibilities helps everyone navigate leave with clarity and compassion.

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Received a Notice of Proposed Discipline? 3 Steps Federal Employees Must Take Now

By Adrienne Langmo • April 21, 2026

Receiving a Notice of Proposed Discipline, particularly of a proposed removal, is one of the most stressful experiences a federal employee can face. Whether you work for the Veterans Administration, Internal Revenue Service, Department of Defense, or U.S. Forest Service your career, pension, and livelihood are suddenly on the line. Panic is a natural reaction, but it is not a strategy. If you have been handed proposed discipline, here are three steps you must take immediately. 1. Check Your Deadlines In the federal sector, the clock starts ticking the exact moment you receive your notice. Federal employees typically have only 7 to 14 days to submit a formal response. Missing this strict deadline forfeits your right to defend yourself before a final decision is made. 2. Request the Evidence File Your agency cannot simply fire you without proof. You have the absolute right to review the materials they relied upon to propose your removal. We scrutinize this evidence against a set of aggravating and mitigating factors, often called the "Douglas Factors," to determine if a penalty is appropriate. Often, agencies overreach, and a strong defense can expose that. 3. Secure Your Right to Reply In response to most forms of discipline, you have the right to provide both a written response and an oral reply to the Deciding Official. Having legal counsel on your side ensures your response is strategic, professional, and focused on mitigating the penalty or stopping the disciplinary action entirely. The Takeaway: Federal employment law is a highly specialized field. A general, private-sector employment lawyer often does not know the unique rules, acronyms, or administrative courts governing federal employees. You need counsel with specific experience dealing with federal agencies. At Freeman Lovell, we have our very own experienced Federal employment law practitioner, Adrienne Langmo. If you have received a Notice of Proposed Discipline, don’t navigate it alone—contact Adrienne Langmo today for experienced guidance and help.